Spiritually, acedia first referred to an affliction attending religious persons, especially monks, wherein they became indifferent to their duties and obligations to God. In his Summa Theologica, Saint Thomas Aquinas defined sloth as "sorrow about spiritual good". It may be defined as absence of interest or habitual disinclination to exertion. Sloth (Latin: tristitia, or acedia "without care") refers to a peculiar jumble of notions, dating from antiquity and including mental, spiritual, pathological, and physical states. Main article: Sloth (deadly sin) Parable of the Wheat and the Tares (1624) by Abraham Bloemaert, Walters Art Museum Listed in order of increasing severity as per Pope Gregory I, 6th-century A.D., the seven deadly sins are as follows: The Lutheran divine Martin Chemnitz, who contributed to the development of Lutheran systematic theology, implored clergy to remind the faithful of the seven deadly sins. Historical and modern definitions, views, and associations Īccording to Catholic prelate Henry Edward Manning, the seven deadly sins are seven ways of eternal death. Christian denominations, such as the Anglican Communion, Lutheran Church, and Methodist Church, still retain this list, and modern evangelists such as Billy Graham have explicated the seven deadly sins. Thomas Aquinas uses and defends Gregory's list in his Summa Theologica, although he calls them the "capital sins" because they are the head and form of all the other sins. Gregory combined tristitia with acedia and vanagloria with superbia, adding envy, which is invidia in Latin. In AD 590, Pope Gregory I revised the list to form a more common list. Tristitia ( sorrow/ despair/despondency).Luxuria/Fornicatio ( lust, fornication).Ὑπερηφανία ( hyperēphania) pride, sometimes rendered as self-overestimation, arrogance, or grandiosity Įvagrius's list was translated into the Latin of Western Christianity in many writings of John Cassian, thus becoming part of the Western tradition's spiritual pietas or Catholic devotions as follows:.Ἀκηδία ( akēdia) acedia, rendered in the Philokalia as dejection.Λύπη ( lypē) sadness, rendered in the Philokalia as envy, sadness at another's good fortune.Πορνεία ( porneia) prostitution, fornication.The fourth-century monk Evagrius Ponticus reduced the nine logismoi to eight, as follows: mental (thoughts produced by jealous/envious, boastful, or hubristic states of mind).emotional (thoughts produced by depressive, irascible, or dismissive moods).physical (thoughts produced by the nutritive, sexual, and acquisitive appetites).These "evil thoughts" can be categorized as follows: Origin of the currently recognized seven deadly sins His first epistles say that "to flee vice is the beginning of virtue and to have got rid of folly is the beginning of wisdom." An allegorical image depicting the human heart subject to the seven deadly sins, each represented by an animal (clockwise: toad = avarice snake = envy lion = wrath snail = sloth pig = gluttony goat = lust peacock = pride). Roman writers such as Horace extolled virtues, and they listed and warned against vices. The seven deadly sins are discussed in treatises and depicted in paintings and sculpture decorations on Catholic churches as well as older textbooks. This classification originated with Tertullian and continued with Evagrius Ponticus. These sins are often thought to be abuses or excessive versions of one's natural faculties or passions (for example, gluttony abuses one's desire to eat). According to the standard list, they are pride, greed, wrath, envy, lust, gluttony and sloth, which are contrary to the seven heavenly virtues. The seven deadly sins, also known as the capital vices or cardinal sins, is a grouping and classification of vices within Christian teachings.
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